Theories of Personality,
11th Edition

1. Studying Personality: Assessment, Research, and Theory.
2. Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis.
3. Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology.
4. Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology.
5. Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends.
6. Erik Erikson: Identity Theory.
7. Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality.
8. Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, and Other Trait Theorists.
9. Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory.
10. Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory.
11. George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory.
12. B. F. Skinner: Reinforcement Theory.
13. Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory.
14. Mini-Theories: Locus of Control, Sensation Seeking, Learned Helplessness, Optimism/Pessimism, Positive Psychology, Happiness and Success.
15. Personality in Perspective.
Glossary.
References.
Author Index.
Subject Index.

• Duane P. Schultz

  Duane P. Schultz is a former professor of psychology at the University of South Florida. He has also held faculty appointments at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Mary Washington College of the University of Virginia (now the University of Mary Washington), American University in Washington, D.C., and the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. Dr. Schultz and his wife, Sydney Ellen Schultz, are a well-regarded textbook author team.

• Sydney Ellen Schultz

  Sydney Ellen Schultz is a writer, editor, and researcher who has developed print and digital publications and teaching materials for publishers, government agencies, schools, and professional associations. She and her husband, Duane Schultz, are well regarded as textbook authors.

• This edition is thoroughly updated with more than 370 new references to maintain the emphasis on current issues. In addition, the entire text has been edited and revised to make it more accessible to today's students. New subheads have been added and paragraphs shortened to present the material in more manageable segments. Finally, the Review Questions have been revised to tie them more closely to the topics in each chapter.

• Topics with new and expanded coverage include: whether we present our true selves on social media; how the use of social media influences our personality and vice versa; whether selfies show the real you; the MMPI, Rorschach, and thematic Apperception Tests; the Mechanical Turk (a new way to conduct personality research online); dreams, ego resilience, the Oedipus complex, and defense mechanisms; the use of computers to interpret dreams; use of the Internet and social companion robots in psychoanalysis; and the Five-Factor model of personality (with references to two dozen new studies).

• Updated and expanded topics include the Dark Triad (a new approach to personality that includes narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy); the Smartphone Basic Needs Scale (a self-report inventory designed to measure how Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be satisfied by smartphone use); self-efficacy and locus of control (featuring over 60 new research findings); new techniques to measure sensation seeking; new data on defining and finding happiness; the latest developments in positive psychology; and use of the learned helplessness concept to develop techniques of torture in the war on terror.

• New biographical material discusses Freud's use of cocaine, Carl Jung's sex life, and Martin Seligman's life and his development of positive psychology (including his concept of flourishing). Content also includes new research on Jung's Psychological Types conducted in Arab cultures, Adler's concept of birth order, and Allport (concerning cultural differences in the facial expression of emotions); and references to more than 30 new studies on Erikson's stages of development and his concepts of ego identity, gender preference, virtual ethnic identity, and gender differences in toy preferences.

• This edition is thoroughly updated with more than 370 new references to maintain the emphasis on current issues. The entire text has been edited and revised to make it easier to read and understand. Review Questions have been revised to tie them more closely to the topics in each chapter, aiding your study and review.

• New and expanded coverage discusses whether we present our true selves on social media; how the use of social media influences our personality and vice versa; whether selfies show the real you; the use of computers to interpret dreams; use of the Internet and social companion robots in psychoanalysis; the Five-Factor model of personality; a new self-report inventory designed to measure how Maslow's hierarchy of needs can be satisfied by smartphone use; self-efficacy; defining and finding happiness; and the use of the learned helplessness concept to develop torture techniques.

• New biographical material discusses Freud's use of cocaine, Carl Jung's sex life, and Martin Seligman's life and his development of positive psychology (including his concept of flourishing). Content also includes new research on Jung's Psychological Types conducted in Arab cultures, Adler's concept of birth order, and Allport (concerning cultural differences in the facial expression of emotions); and references to more than 30 new studies on Erikson's stages of development and his concepts of ego identity, gender preference, virtual ethnic identity, and gender differences in toy preferences.

• Research findings are summarized throughout the text in "Highlights" boxes; bullet point lists help students organize and compare the results of research studies.

• This edition presents material on the effects of gender, ethnicity, and culture on the issues of personality development, test performance, and the broader conceptions of human nature. It highlights considerable cross-cultural research and a diversity of samples of research participants from European, African, and Asian nations.

• Each theory is presented in a unit that clearly conveys that theory's ideas, assumptions, definitions, and methods. This presentation allows students to more easily synthesize all facets of each theory. Biographical material on theorists helps students understand the relationship between life experiences and personality theories.

• Chapter 1's user-friendly introduction to the study of personality includes a do-it-yourself adjective checklist to help students describe their own personalities. There's also a section that examines how social networking sites such as Facebook shape and reflect one's personality, which students should find interesting.

• "Questions about Human Nature" sections examine six fundamental issues: free will vs. determinism, nature vs. nurture, the importance of childhood experiences, uniqueness vs. universality, goals, and optimism vs. pessimism.

• Chapter outlines, chapter summaries, critical-thinking review questions, key terms, a margin glossary, a full glossary, a complete reference list, and annotated reading lists help students master the material.

• Chapter 15, "Personality in Perspective," reviews the major factors that have emerged from the study of personality theories. It also suggests conclusions, related to conscious and unconscious influences (such as genetics, the environment, learning, parental influences, and developmental aspects), that students may draw from their study and analysis of the material discussed in the preceding chapters.

• Each theory is presented in a unit that clearly conveys that theory's ideas, assumptions, definitions, and methods. Biographical material on theorists helps you understand the relationship between life experiences and personality theories. In addition, the authors' engaging style makes it easy for you to analyze and compare theories.

• Research findings are summarized throughout the text in "Highlights" boxes; this feature presents bullet point lists to help you organize and compare the results of research studies.

• "Questions about Human Nature" sections examine six fundamental issues: free will vs. determinism, nature vs. nurture, the importance of childhood experiences, uniqueness vs. universality, goals, and optimism vs. pessimism.

• This edition updates material on the effects of gender, ethnicity, and culture on personality development, test performance, and the broader conceptions of human nature. It also highlights cross-cultural research and a diversity of samples of research participants from North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. The final chapter integrates topics explored in previous chapters and suggests conclusions that can be drawn from the many theorists' work.

• Chapter 1's user-friendly introduction to the study of personality includes a do-it-yourself adjective checklist to help you describe your own personality. There's also a section that examines how social networking sites such as Facebook shape and reflect one's personality.

• Chapter outlines, chapter summaries, critical-thinking review questions, key terms, a marginal glossary, a full glossary, a complete reference list, and annotated reading lists help you master the material.

Cengage provides a range of supplements that are updated in coordination with the main title selection. For more information about these supplements, contact your Learning Consultant.

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