Principles of Modern Chemistry,
8th Edition

Unit I. Introduction to the Study of Modern Chemistry.
1. The Atom in Modern Chemistry.
2. Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reaction Yields.
Unit II. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure.
3. Atomic Shells and Classical Models of Chemical Bonding.
4. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics.
5. Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Structure.
6. Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Structure.
7. Bonding in Organic Molecules.
8. Bonding in Transition Metal Compounds and Coordination Complexes.
Unit III. Kinetic Molecular Description of the States of Matter.
9. The Gaseous State.
10. Solids, Liquids, and Phase Transitions.
11. Solutions.
Unit IV. Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions.
12. Thermodynamic Processes and Thermochemistry.
13. Spontaneous Processes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium.
14. Chemical Equilibrium.
15. Acid–Base Equilibria.
16. Solubility and Precipitation Equilibria.
17. Electrochemistry.
Unit V. Rates of Chemical and Physical Processes.
18. Chemical Kinetics.
19. Nuclear Chemistry.
20. Molecular Spectroscopy and Photochemistry.
Unit VI. Materials.
21. Structure and Bonding in Solids.
22. Inorganic Materials.
23. Polymeric Materials and Soft Condensed Matter.
Appendix A. Scientific Notation and Experimental Error.
Appendix B. SI Units, Unit Conversions, and Physics for General Chemistry.
Appendix C. Mathematics for General Chemistry.
Appendix D. Standard Chemical Thermodynamic Properties.
Appendix E. Standard Reaction Potentials at 25°C.
Appendix F. Physical Properties of the Elements.
Appendix G. Solutions to the Odd-Numbered Problems.
Index/Glossary.

• David W. Oxtoby

  David W. Oxtoby became the ninth president of Pomona College on July 1, 2003. An internationally noted chemist, he previously served as dean of physical sciences at the University of Chicago. At Pomona, he holds a coterminous appointment as president and professor of chemistry. Before coming to Pomona, he was associated with the University of Chicago for nearly three decades, with brief interludes to serve as a visiting professor at such places as the University of Paris; the University of Bristol in Great Britain; and the University of Sydney in Australia. Oxtoby is a fellow of the American Physical Society and a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. After earning his bachelor's degree, summa cum laude, from Harvard University, he went on to earn his Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. As a research chemist, he is author or co-author of more than 165 scientific articles on such subjects as light scattering, chemical reaction dynamics and phase transitions. In addition to co-authoring Principles of Modern Chemistry and Chemistry: Science of Change, he has received fellowships from the Guggenheim, von Humboldt, Dreyfus, Sloan, Danforth and National Science foundations.

• H. Pat Gillis

  H.P. Gillis conducts experimental research in the physical chemistry of electronic materials, emphasizing phenomena at solid surfaces and interfaces. Dr. Gillis received his B.S. (Chemistry and Physics) at Louisiana State University and his Ph.D. (Chemical Physics) at The University of Chicago. After postdoctoral research at the University of California-Los Angeles and 10 years with the technical staff at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California, Dr. Gillis joined the faculty of Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Gillis moved to University of California-Los Angeles, where he currently serves as Adjunct Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. He has taught courses in general chemistry, physical chemistry, quantum mechanics, surface science, and materials science at UCLA and at Georgia Institute of Technology.

• Laurie J. Butler

  Laurie J. Butler received her B.S. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. After postdoctoral research at the University of Wisconsin, she joined the faculty at The University of Chicago, where she has been a professor since 1987. Professor Butler's research investigates the fundamental inter- and intramolecular forces that drive the course of chemical reactions. Much of her recent work investigates classes of important chemical reactions where the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (the inability of the electronic wavefunction to readjust rapidly enough during the nuclear dynamics) near the transition state alters the dynamics and markedly reduces the reaction rate. She has been an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow and a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar, and was awarded the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at The University of Chicago.

• The most powerful online learning solution for chemistry is better than ever. OWLv2 now has more flexible student and instructor functionality, new personalized study tools, enhanced integration with learning management systems, and improved analytics. For this course, OWLv2 also includes Quick Prep, an online short course to review key chemistry concepts and essential skills, new iPad-compatible visualizations, tutorials, and simulations, and new Adaptive Study Plans. In addition, Tutors, Visualizations and Simulations have been converted from Flash to HTML, allowing for easier navigation and streamlined grading.

• Recognizing that in the top colleges and universities that use this text over 90 percent of students taking introductory chemistry have taken a single variable calculus course in high school, or are taking calculus as a co-requisite for the course, we have improved several portions of the text. These revisions include a more quantitative treatment of the forces and potential energy in molecules, dipole moments, molecular collisions, and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds. The concepts of slope and area are introduced in the physical and chemical contexts in which they arise, and differential and integral notation is used in parallel with these concepts. Thus, students with a single-variable calculus background are engaged fully, while students without that background will not be at a disadvantage. Simple vectors are introduced to aid in discussing force and velocity, with a new section in Appendix C covering vectors in Cartesian coordinates.

• The most powerful online learning solution for chemistry is better than ever. OWLv2 now has more flexible answer entry and input tools, new personalized study modules, more intuitive assignment navigation, and improved learning resources. For this course, OWLv2 also includes Quick Prep, an online short course to review key chemistry concepts and essential skills, new iPad-compatible visualizations, tutorials, and simulations, and new Adaptive Study Plans. In addition, Tutors, Visualizations and Simulations have been converted from Flash to HTML, allowing for easier navigation and streamlined grading.

• This edition also includes major revisions in the chapters on Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Structure (Chapter 6), Electrochemistry (Chapter 17), and Molecular Spectroscopy and Photochemistry (Chap 20), with a focus on clarity of presentation.

• In recognizing the importance of understanding single-variable calculus while taking this course, we have improved several portions of this text to better address this content. Thus, students with a single-variable calculus background are engaged fully, while students without that background will not be at a disadvantage. Simple vectors are introduced to aid in discussing force and velocity, with a new section in Appendix C covering vectors in Cartesian coordinates.

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• AN "ATOMS FIRST" APPROACH places coverage of structure and bonding early in the text (Chapter 4-6), taking students right into the core topics of the course and helping them build a strong conceptual understanding of chemistry.

• A UNIQUE APPROACH TO LEARNING CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES emphasizes the scientific process from observation to application, placing general chemistry into perspective for serious-minded science and engineering students.

• MATHEMATICALLY ACCURATE MOLECULAR ORBITAL ART helps students visualize how orbital equations translate into the shapes of the orbitals.

• A FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING. Problems are grouped into three categories: 1) Paired problems in the first set are grouped by section, with answers to the odd-numbered paired problems collected in Appendix G so students can check their answer to the first problem in a pair before undertaking the second parallel problem. 2) Additional Problems (unpaired) provide further applications of the principles developed in the chapter. 3) Cumulative Problems integrate material from the chapter with topics presented earlier in the book. More challenging problems are integrated throughout the problem sets and are indicated with asterisks.

• PEDAGOGICALLY IMPORTANT APPENDICES. Appendix A discusses experimental error and scientific notation; Appendix B introduces the SI system of units used throughout the book, describes the methods used for converting units, and provides a brief review of some fundamental principles in physics. Appendix C provides a review of mathematics for general chemistry, including a new section on vectors in Cartesian coordinates. Appendices D, E, and F are compilations of thermodynamic, electrochemical, and physical data, respectively.

• OWLv2 is the most trusted online learning solution for chemistry, proven to help you get a better grade. Featuring chemist-developed content, OWLv2 is the only system designed to elevate thinking through Mastery Learning, allowing you to work at your own pace until you understand each concept and skill. Each time you try a problem, OWLv2 changes the chemicals, values, and sometimes even the wording of the question to ensure you are learning the concepts and not just doing homework. With detailed, instant feedback and interactive learning resources, you get the help you need when you need it. Now with improved answer entry and input tools, OWLv2 is more robust than ever. Discover the power of OWLv2 and take your learning to a higher level.

• AN "ATOMS FIRST" APPROACH places coverage of structure and bonding early in the text (Chapter 4-6), taking you right into the core topics of the course to help you build a strong conceptual understanding.

• A UNIQUE APPROACH TO LEARNING CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES emphasizes the scientific process from observation to application, placing general chemistry into perspective for serious-minded science and engineering students.

• MATHEMATICALLY ACCURATE MOLECULAR ORBITAL ART helps you visualize how orbital equations translate into the orbital's shapes.

• A FOCUS ON PROBLEM SOLVING. Problems are grouped into three categories: 1) Paired problems in the first set are grouped by section, with answers to the odd-numbered paired problems collected in Appendix G so you can check your answer to the first problem in a pair before undertaking the second parallel problem. 2) Additional Problems (unpaired) provide further applications of the principles developed in the chapter. 3) Cumulative Problems integrate material from the chapter with topics presented earlier in the book. More challenging problems are integrated throughout the problem sets and are indicated with asterisks.

• VALUABLE APPENDICES. Appendix A discusses experimental error and scientific notation; Appendix B introduces the SI system of units used throughout the book, describes the methods used for converting units, and provides a brief review of some fundamental principles in physics. Appendix C provides a review of mathematics for general chemistry, including a new section on vectors in Cartesian coordinates. Appendices D, E, and F are compilations of thermodynamic, electrochemical, and physical data, respectively.

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