Principles of Soil Dynamics,
3rd Edition

1. INTRODUCTION.
General Information. Nature and Type of Dynamic Loading on Soils. Importance of Soil Dynamics. References.
2. FUNDAMENTALS OF VIBRATION.
Introduction. Fundamentals of Vibration. System with a Single Degree of Freedom. Free Vibration of a Spring Mass System. Forced Vibration of a Spring−Mass System. Free Vibration with Viscous Damping. Steady-State Forced Vibration with Viscous Damping. Rotating-Mass-Type Excitation. Determination of Damping Ratio. Vibration-Measuring Instrument. System with Two Degrees of Freedom. Vibration of a Mass-Spring System. Coupled Translation and Rotation of a Mass Spring System (Free Vibration). Problems. References.
3. WAVES IN ELASTIC MEDIUM.
Introduction. Stress and Strain. Hooke's Law. Elastic Stress Waves in a Bar. Longitudinal Elastic Waves in a Bar. Velocity of Particles in the Stressed Zone. Reflection of Elastic Stress Waves at the End of a Bar. Torsional Waves in a Bar. Longitudinal Vibration of Short Bars. Torsional Vibration of Short Bars. Stress Waves in an Infinite Elastic Medium. Equation of Motion in an Elastic Medium. Equations for Stress Waves. General Comments. Stress Waves in Elastic Half-Space. Rayleigh Waves. Displacement of Rayleigh Waves. Attenuation of the Amplitude of Elastic Waves with Distance. Visco-elastic Waves in a Bar. References.
4. PROPERTIES OF DYNAMICALLY LOADED SOILS.
Introduction. Laboratory Tests and Results. Shear Strength of Soils under Rapid Loading Conditions. Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Soils under Transient Load. Travel-Time Test for Determination of Longitudinal and Shear Wave Velocities (vc and vs). Bender Element Test for Determination of Shear Wave Velocity (vs). Resonant Column Test. Cyclic Simple Shear Test. Cyclic Torsional Simple Shear Test. Cyclic Triaxial Test. Summary of Cyclic Tests. Field Test Measurements. Reflection and Refraction of Elastic Body Waves--Fundamental Concepts. Seismic Refraction Survey (Horizontal Layering). Refraction Survey in Soils with Inclined Layering. Reflection Survey in Soil (Horizontal Layering). Reflection Survey in Soil (Inclined Layering). Subsoil Exploration by Steady-State Vibration. Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave Method (SASW). Soil Exploration by "Shooting Up the Hole," "Shooting Down the Hole," and "Cross-Hole Shooting". Correlations for Shear Wave Velocity, vs. Cyclic Plate Load Test. Correlations for Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio. Test Procedures for Measurement of Moduli and Damping Characteristics. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio in Sand. Correlation of Gmax of Sand with Standard Penetration Resistance. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio for Gravels. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio for Clays. Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio for Lightly Cemented Sand. Problems. References.
5. FOUNDATION VIBRATION.
Introduction. Vertical Vibration of Circular Foundations on Elastic Half-Space--Historical Development. Analog Solution for Vertical Vibration of Foundations. Calculation Procedure for Foundation Response-Vertical Vibration. Rocking Vibration of Foundations. Sliding Vibration of Foundations. Torsional Vibration of Foundations. Comparison of Footing Vibration Tests with Theory. Comments on the Mass-Spring-Dashpot Analog Used for Solving Foundation Vibration Problems. Improved Methods for Estimation of Dynamic Spring Constant and Dashpot Coefficient. Coupled Rocking and Sliding Vibration of Rigid Circular Foundations. Vibration of Embedded Foundations. Vertical Vibration of Rigid Cylindrical Foundations. Sliding Vibration of Rigid Cylindrical Foundation. Rocking Vibration of Rigid Cylindrical Foundations. Torsional Vibration of Rigid Cylindrical Foundations Vibration Screening. Active and Passive Isolation: Definitions. Active Isolation by Use of Open Trenches. Passive Isolation by Use of Open Trenches. Passive Isolation by Use of Piles. Problems. References.
6. DYNAMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS.
Introduction. Ultimate Dynamic Bearing Capacity. Bearing Capacity in Sand. Bearing Capacity in Clay. Behavior of Foundations Under Transient Loads. Experimental Observations of Load-Settlement Relationship for Vertical Transient Loading. Seismic Bearing Capacity. Solution of Richards et al. (1993) Solution of Budhu and al-Karni (1993). Solution by Choudhury and Subba Rao (2005). Problems. References.
7. EARTHQUAKE AND GROUND VIBRATION.
Introduction. Definition of Some Earthquake-Related Terms. Earthquake Magnitude. Characteristics of Rock Motion during an Earthquake. Vibration of Horizontal Soil Layers with Linearly Elastic Properties. Other Studies for Vibration of Soil Layers Due to Earthquakes. Equivalent Number of Significant Uniform Stress Cycles for Earthquakes. References.
8. LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE ON RETAINING WALLS.
Introduction. Mononobe-Okabe Active Earth Pressure Theory. Some Comments on the Active Force Equation. Procedure for Obtaining PAE Using Standard Charts of KA. Effect of Various Parameters on the Value of the Active Earth Pressure Coefficient. Graphical Construction for Determination of Active Force, PAE. Laboratory Model Test Results for Active Earth Pressure Coefficient, KAE. Point of Application of the Resultant Active Force, PAE. Design of Gravity Retaining Walls Based on Limited Displacement. Hydrodynamic Effects of Pore Water. Active Earth Pressure Theory for c−ϕ Backfill. Analysis of Prakash and Saran (1966) and Saran and Prakash (1968). Analysis of Shukla, Gupta, and Sivakugan (2009). Dynamic Passive Force on Retaining Wall (Granular Soil). Dynamic Passive Pressure with c−ϕ Backfill. Problems. References.
9. COMPRESSIBILITY OF SOILS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADS.
Introduction. Compaction of Granular Soils: Effect of Vertical Stress and Vertical Acceleration. Settlement of Strip Foundation on Granular Soil under the Effect of Controlled Cyclic Vertical Stress. Settlement of Machine Foundations on Granular Soils Subjected to Vertical Vibration. Settlement of Sand Due to Cyclic Shear Strain. Calculation of Settlement of Dry Sand Layers Subjected to Seismic Effect. Settlement of a Dry Sand Layer Due to Multidirectional Shaking. Problems. References.
10. LIQUEFACTION OF SOIL.
Introduction. Fundamental Concept of Liquefaction. Laboratory Studies to Simulate Field Conditions for Soil Liquefaction. Dynamic Triaxial Test. General Concepts and Test Procedures. Typical Results from Cyclic Triaxial Test. Influence of Various Parameters on Soil Liquefaction Potential. Development of Standard Curves for Initial Liquefaction. Cyclic Simple Shear Test. General Concepts. Typical Test Results. Rate of Excess Pore Water Pressure Increase. Large-Scale Simple Shear Tests. Development of a Procedure for Determination of Field Liquefaction. Correlation of the Liquefaction Results from Simple Shear and Triaxial Tests. Correlation of the Liquefaction Results from Triaxial Tests to Field Conditions. Zone of Initial Liquefaction in the Field. Relation between Maximum Ground Acceleration and the Relative Density of Sand for Soil Liquefaction. Liquefaction Analysis from Standard Penetration Resistance. Other Correlations for Field Liquefaction Analysis. Simplified Procedure for Determining Soil Liquefaction Using in situ Index. Remedial Action to Mitigate Liquefaction. Problems. References.
11. MACHINE FOUNDATIONS ON PILES.
Introduction. Piles Subjected to Vertical Vibration. End-Bearing Piles. Friction Piles. Sliding, Rocking, and Torsional Vibration. Sliding and Rocking Vibration. Torsional Vibration of Embedded Piles. Problems. References.
12. SEISMIC STABILITY OF EARTH EMBANKMENTS.
Introduction. Free Vibration of Earth Embankments. Forced Vibration of an Earth Embankment. Velocity and Acceleration Spectra. Approximate Method for Evaluation of Maximum Crest Acceleration and Natural Period of Embankments. Fundamental Concepts of Stability Analysis. Pseudostatic Analysis. Clay Slopes (ϕ = 0 Condition)--Koppula's Analysis. Slopes with c'–ϕ Soil-- Majumdar's Analysis. Slopes with c'–ϕ Soil--Prater's Analysis. Slopes with c'–ϕ Soil--Conventional Method of Slices. Simplified Procedure for Estimation of Earthquake-Induced Deformation. Problems. References.
Appendix A: Primary and Secondary Forces of Single-Cylinder Engines.
Index.

• Braja M. Das

  Dr. Braja Das is dean emeritus of the College of Engineering and Computer Science at California State University, Sacramento. He received his M.S. in civil engineering from the University of Iowa and his Ph.D. in geotechnical engineering from the University of Wisconsin. He is the author of several geotechnical engineering texts and reference books as well as more than 300 technical papers in the area of geotechnical engineering. His primary areas of research include shallow foundations, earth anchors and geosynthetics. Dr. Das is a fellow and life member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, life member of the American Society for Engineering Education and an emeritus member of the Stabilization of Geomaterials and Recycled Materials of the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council. He has received numerous awards for teaching excellence, including the AMOCO Foundation Award, the AT&T Award for Teaching Excellence from the American Society for Engineering Education, the Ralph Teetor Award from the Society of Automotive Engineers and the Distinguished Achievement Award for Teaching Excellence from the University of Texas at El Paso.

• Zhe Luo

  Dr. Zhe Luo is an Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Akron. He received his B.E. in Civil Engineering and M.S. in Highway and Railway Engineering from Tongji University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering from Clemson University. His primary research areas include foundation engineering, probability- and reliability-based design, robust design for resilience, and mechanistic-empirical pavement design. He is currently serving on the editorial board of the International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (Maney Publishing, U.K.). Dr. Luo is a recipient of the Outstanding Lab Instructor Award from Clemson University (2011), the Best Paper Award of Journal of GeoEngineering (2012), and the Best Paper Award of Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards (2013).

• NEW DISCUSSION FOCUSES ON BENDER ELEMENT TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY. This new coverage, added to Chapter 4, details this popular simple method for testing shear wave velocity.

• NEW COVERAGE ADDRESSES SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WAVE METHOD (SASW). New material on SASW has been added to Chapter 4 to examine this relatively new, less costly method.

• EXPANDED MATERIAL ADDRESSES IMPROVED METHODS. You can easily introduce today's best methods for estimation of dynamic spring constant and dashpot coefficient with explanations that are now included in Chapter 5.

• MORE DETAILED DISCUSSION FURTHER EXAMINES THE DYNAMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS. Equip your students with the practical skills needed on the job as expanded presentation in Chapter 6 closely reviews key theories and considerations related to capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground.

• EXTENDED EXPLANATION REVIEWS THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOMENT MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKES AND DYNAMIC PASSIVE PRESSURE WITH C− BACKFILL. Additional explanations in Chapter 8 further prepare students to consider the seismic design of earth retaining structures.

• CHAPTER 8 NOW INCLUDES SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING SOIL LIQUEFACTION USING IN SITU INDEX. Coverage of the latest procedures, now included in Chapter 8 prepare students to more efficiently prepare the needed information about the physical properties of soil and rock on site before designing or repairing structures.

• NEW AND EXPANDED DISCUSSIONS REFLECT THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FIELD TODAY. You'll find new discussions on the Bender element test for determination of shear wave velocity, expanded coverage of the dynamic bearing capacity of shallow foundations, and new information on the development of moment magnitude of earthquakes now included in this edition to better prepare you for on-the-job success.

• NEW COVERAGE FOCUSES ON IMPROVED AND SIMPLIFIED METHODS. You review and master the latest skills as improved methods for estimation of dynamic spring constant and dashpot coefficient are featured. This edition also highlights a simplified procedure for determining soil liquefaction using in situ index.

• UP-TO-DATE TREATMENT HIGHLIGHTS THE LATEST PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS RELATED TO SOIL DYNAMICS. Coverage provides the most thorough, contemporary presentation of soil dynamics available in an introductory text, including coverage of machine foundations on piles.

• BOOK THOROUGHLY INTRODUCES LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE ON RETAINING WALLS. A complete chapter (Chapter 8) on lateral earth pressure on retaining walls gives students a complete introduction to this important topic.

• COMPLETE UPDATED CHAPTER FOCUSES ON DYNAMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS. The latest coverage reflects updates in this important area of soil dynamics (Chapter 6).

• APPROACH BALANCES CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. The authors apply their extensive experience to offer a strong balance between the concepts of soil dynamics and their applications within civil engineering today.

• ORGANIZED, THOROUGH PRESENTATION COMBINES PROVEN LEARNING FEATURES WITH MEMORABLE EXAMPLES AND HANDS-ON PRACTICE. Complete pedagogical features help your students grasp the basic concepts of soil dynamics with worked out examples, practical engineering applications, and extensive sets of homework problems.

• UP-TO-DATE TREATMENT EXPLORES THE LATEST TOPICS IN SOIL DYNAMICS. This proven text focuses on important, contemporary topics including machine foundations on piles and lateral earth pressure on retaining walls. It's today's most up-to-date treatment of soil dynamics available in an introductory text.

• APPROACH BALANCES CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. The authors apply their extensive experience to offer a strong balance between the concepts of soil dynamics and their applications within civil engineering today.

• ORGANIZED, THOROUGH PRESENTATION COMBINES PROVEN LEARNING FEATURES WITH MEMORABLE EXAMPLES AND HANDS-ON PRACTICE. You will find valuable features designed to help you grasp the most important concepts of soil dynamics. Worked out examples, practical engineering applications, and extensive sets of homework problems assist you in mastering necessary skills.

Cengage provides a range of supplements that are updated in coordination with the main title selection. For more information about these supplements, contact your Learning Consultant.

Instructor's Companion Website for Das/Luo's Principles of Soil Dynamics
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Online Instructor's Solutions Manual for Das/Luo's Principles of Soil Dynamics
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